476

Index

Transgenes, 277

Transgenic apple

overexpressing NPR1 gene, 176

plants, 177

Transgenic

approaches, 168, 174–179, 189, 192

disease resistance, 176

drought stress, 177

heat stress, 178

insect pest resistance, 175

virus resistance, 176

bananas, 177

chili, 177, 179, 180

crop plants, 175

grapevines, 177

guava, 176

maize plants, 207

manipulation, 193

orange, 176

plants, 178, 179, 188, 191–193, 202,

205–207

overexpressing TFs, 206

rice

drought tolerant, 170

plant tolerant, 169

plants, 204

strawberry, 177

tomato, 176–178

plants, 171

Trans-Golgi network, 403

Transitive RNA interference, 258, 259

Transketolase, 418

Translation repression, 254

Translational

inhibition, 257

repression, 259, 264

Translocation, 21, 44, 69, 71, 84, 85, 382,

420, 441

Transpiration, 67, 82, 109, 113, 145, 148,

149, 319, 357, 437, 439

Transposable element, 284, 362, 375

Transposons, 266, 352, 370, 375

Trehalose, 63, 67, 193

Trehalose-6-phosphate synthase enzyme, 67

Triacylglycerol, 436

Tricarboxylic acid cycle, 415, 433, 439

Trichloroethylene, 14

Trichoderma, 45, 68, 70, 172, 176

Trichome tissues, 112

Trifolium repens L., 363

Trinitrotoluene, 15

Triticale seeds, 105, 139

Triticum, 69, 82, 84, 141, 148, 149, 180,

264, 275, 278, 317, 336, 338, 408, 409,

437, 440

aestivum, 82, 84, 141, 148, 149, 180, 317,

336, 338, 408, 409, 437, 440

turgidum, 264

Tritium aestivum, 102

Trivial off-target activities, 333

Tropism, 135

Tru-gRNAs, 333

Truncated gRNAs, 333

Tryptophan, 153, 437

residue, 153

Tumorigenesis, 256

Turgor pressure water efflux, 252

Turnip mosaic virus, 172, 334

Two-phase partitioning technique, 419

Tyrosine, 438

U

Ubiquitin, 353, 420

Ubiquitinates, 371

Ubiquitination, 253

Ubiquitinylation, 371

Ultra-high performance liquid chromatog­

raphy, 435

Ultrastructural peculiarities, 144

Uncolonized root system, 79

Universal food

security, 51

stability, 41

Unsaturated soil, 10

Upstream regulatory circuits, 209

Urbanization, 4, 69, 306

UV radiation, 350, 355, 361

V

Vacuoles, 144, 403, 423, 424

Valine, 308, 437, 438, 440

Variegated flowers, 265

Variovorax, 42

Vascular tissue differentiation, 66

Vernalization, 370